Research
MSH2 and CXCR4 involvement in malignant VIPoma
1 Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tübingen, Germany
2 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
3 Department of Molecular Pathology, Tübingen, Germany
4 Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
5 Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, Tübingen, D 72076, Germany
World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2012, 10:264 doi:10.1186/1477-7819-10-264
Published: 11 December 2012Abstract
Background
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide secreting tumors(VIPomas) are rare endocrine tumors of the pancreas with an estimated incidence of 0.1 per million per year. The molecular mechanisms that mediate development of VIPomas are poorly investigated and require definition.
Methods
A genome- and gene expression analysis of specimens of a primary pancreatic VIPoma with hepatic metastases was performed. The primary tumor, the metastases, the corresponding healthy tissue of the liver, and the pancreas were compared with each other using oligonucleotide microarrays and loss of heterozygosity (LOH).
Results
The results revealed multiple LOH events and several differentially expressed genes. Our finding of LOH and downregulation was conspicuous in the microarray analysis for the mismatch repair gene MSH2 in the primary pancreatic VIPoma tumor, the hepatic metastasis but not in the corresponding healthy tissue. Further a strong overexpression of the chemokine CXCR4 was detected in the hepatic metastases compared to its pancreatic primary. With a review of the literature we describe the molecular insights of metastatic development in VIPoma.
Conclusion
In VIPoma, defects in the mismatch repair system especially in MSH2 may contribute to carcinogenesis, and increased CXCR4 may be associated with liver metastasis.
